Vocabulary – Quizdefine each termVocabulary – Quizdefine each term
1.Focus1.Focus
2.Epicenter2.Epicenter
3.Pacific ring of fire3.Pacific ring of fire
4.Seismograph4.Seismograph
5.S waves5.S waves
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►Essential Question►Essential Question
Discuss Elastic rebound theoryDiscuss Elastic rebound theory
►Warm up►Warm up
What do you currently know about earthquakesWhat do you currently know about earthquakes
►Exit Task►Exit Task
What is New MadridWhat is New Madrid
►Homework (if you do not finish in class)►Homework (if you do not finish in class)
Read pages 99 – 111Read pages 99 – 111
Vocabulary – define and give one factVocabulary – define and give one fact
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California Science ContentStandards Covered:California Science ContentStandards Covered:
►Plate tectonics operating over geologictime has changed the patterns of land,sea, and mountains on Earth's surface.As the basis for understanding thisconcept:►Plate tectonics operating over geologictime has changed the patterns of land,sea, and mountains on Earth's surface.As the basis for understanding thisconcept:
►3D: Students know why and howearthquakes occur and the scales usedto measure their intensities &magnitude►3D: Students know why and howearthquakes occur and the scales usedto measure their intensities &magnitude
Terms Chapter 6Define and write sentences or draw picturesTerms Chapter 6Define and write sentences or draw pictures
1.Earthquakes1.Earthquakes
2.Elastic reboundtheory2.Elastic reboundtheory
3.Aftershocks3.Aftershocks
4.Focus4.Focus
5.Epicenter5.Epicenter
6.Pacific ring of fire6.Pacific ring of fire
7.Fault zones7.Fault zones
8.Seismograph8.Seismograph
9.P waves
10.S waves
11.Surface waves
12.Magnitude
13.Microquakes
14.Mercalli scale
15.Intensity
16.Tsunami
17.Seismic gaps
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Discuss the Elastic rebound theoryDiscuss the Elastic rebound theory
Chapter 6Chapter 6
3D: Students know why and how earthquakes occur and the scales used to measuretheir intensities & magnitude3D: Students know why and how earthquakes occur and the scales used to measuretheir intensities & magnitude
Elastic Rebound TheoryElastic Rebound Theory
Anatomy of a QuakeAnatomy of a Quake
Epicenter, focus, seismic wavesEpicenter, focus, seismic waves
Fore, primary, aftershockFore, primary, aftershock
Shallow, intermediate & deep focusShallow, intermediate & deep focus
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Lecture 6.1 pages 99 - 100Discuss the Elastic rebound theoryLecture 6.1 pages 99 - 100Discuss the Elastic rebound theory
►Elastic Rebound Theory►Elastic Rebound Theory
When a STRESS is applied, the road changes from its originalform – ELASTIC DEFORMATIONWhen a STRESS is applied, the road changes from its originalform – ELASTIC DEFORMATION
When the RUPTURE relieves the STRESS, the ground under theroad REBOUNDS and returns to its original conditionWhen the RUPTURE relieves the STRESS, the ground under theroad REBOUNDS and returns to its original condition
When the RUPTURE occurs, we feel the EARTHQUAKEWhen the RUPTURE occurs, we feel the EARTHQUAKE
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Can you pick out where a ruptureoccurred?Can you pick out where a ruptureoccurred?
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Lecture 6.1 pages 99 - 100Discuss the Elastic rebound theoryLecture 6.1 pages 99 - 100Discuss the Elastic rebound theory
►Slippage first occurs at the FOCUS►Slippage first occurs at the FOCUS
►The place on the SURFACE of the Earthunder the focus is the EPICENTER►The place on the SURFACE of the Earthunder the focus is the EPICENTER
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Lecture 6.1 pages 100 – 102Explain why earthquakes generally occur at plateboundariesLecture 6.1 pages 100 – 102Explain why earthquakes generally occur at plateboundaries
►90% of earthquakes have a SHALLOWfocus►90% of earthquakes have a SHALLOWfocus
►Intermediate and deep focusearthquakes (10%) occur 70 Km andDEEPER►Intermediate and deep focusearthquakes (10%) occur 70 Km andDEEPER
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Lecture 6.1 pages 100 – 102Explain why earthquakes generally occur at plateboundariesLecture 6.1 pages 100 – 102Explain why earthquakes generally occur at plateboundaries
►How does the depth of earthquakes explainthe type of a boundary?►How does the depth of earthquakes explainthe type of a boundary?
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Lecture 6.1 pages 100 – 102Explain why earthquakes generally occur at plate boundariesLecture 6.1 pages 100 – 102Explain why earthquakes generally occur at plate boundaries
►3 Major Earthquake Zones►3 Major Earthquake Zones
Mid Ocean Ridges – mainly divergentMid Ocean Ridges – mainly divergent
Eurasian-Melanisian Belt – mainly convergentEurasian-Melanisian Belt – mainly convergent
Ring of Fire – mainly convergentRing of Fire – mainly convergent
►Each dot represents an EARTHQUAKE ZONE►Each dot represents an EARTHQUAKE ZONE
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Lecture 6.1 end of lectureLecture 6.1 end of lecture
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Chapter 6 Section 2 ObjectivesChapter 6 Section 2 Objectives
1.We will be able to compare the three typesof seismic waves.1.We will be able to compare the three typesof seismic waves.
2.We will discuss the method scientist use topinpoint an earthquake.2.We will discuss the method scientist use topinpoint an earthquake.
3.We will discuss the method mostcommonly used to measure the magnitudeof earthquakes.3.We will discuss the method mostcommonly used to measure the magnitudeof earthquakes.
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Lecture 6.2 page 103 – 104compare the three types of seismic waves.Lecture 6.2 page 103 – 104compare the three types of seismic waves.
►Seismic waves arerecorded on aseismograph►Seismic waves arerecorded on aseismograph
►3 Major forms of wavesrecorded byseismograph►3 Major forms of wavesrecorded byseismograph
P WavesP Waves
S WavesS Waves
Surface WavesSurface Waves
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Lecture 6.2 page 103 – 104compare the three types of seismic waves.Lecture 6.2 page 103 – 104compare the three types of seismic waves.
► aka Primary Waves► aka Primary Waves
►Travel the fastest►Travel the fastest
►Same direction as particle motion►Same direction as particle motion
►Travel FASTER through DENSER material►Travel FASTER through DENSER material
►Move through solids, gases and liquids►Move through solids, gases and liquids
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Lecture 6.2 page 103 – 104compare the three types of seismic waves.Lecture 6.2 page 103 – 104compare the three types of seismic waves.
► aka secondary or shear waves► aka secondary or shear waves
►SLOWER than P Waves►SLOWER than P Waves
►Travel at RIGHT Angles to particles inmotion►Travel at RIGHT Angles to particles inmotion
►CANNOT pass through liquid or gases►CANNOT pass through liquid or gases
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Lecture 6.2 page 104discuss the method scientist use to pinpointan earthquake.Lecture 6.2 page 104discuss the method scientist use to pinpointan earthquake.
►Method: TRIANGULATION►Method: TRIANGULATION
►Must have three (3) seismographs►Must have three (3) seismographs
►Calculate the difference in P wave travelfrom all three►Calculate the difference in P wave travelfrom all three
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Lecture 6.2 page 104discuss the method scientist use to pinpoint anearthquake.Lecture 6.2 page 104discuss the method scientist use to pinpoint anearthquake.
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Lecture 6.2 page 104discuss the method scientist use to pinpoint an earthquake.Lecture 6.2 page 104discuss the method scientist use to pinpoint an earthquake.
This map shows how the epicenter of the Loma Prieta earthquake was determined using datafrom three seismic stations. The seismogram at Eureka, CA indicated that the epicenter was 478km away (red circle). The green circle represents the distance of the epicenter (624 km) from LasVegas. The blue circle represents the distance of the epicenter (702 km) from Elko, NV. Theepicenter is determined by the intersection of all three circles near Santa Cruz, CA. Thistriangulation technique requires data from at least three seismic stations in order todetermine the epicenter.
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Lecture 6.2 page 104 – 105discuss the method most commonly used tomeasure the magnitude of earthquakes.Lecture 6.2 page 104 – 105discuss the method most commonly used tomeasure the magnitude of earthquakes.
►Magnitude is a measure ofENERGY RELEASED IN ANEARTHQUAKE►Magnitude is a measure ofENERGY RELEASED IN ANEARTHQUAKE
Measured by a RICHTER SCALEMeasured by a RICHTER SCALE
►Intensity is the amount ofDAMAGE an earthquakecauses►Intensity is the amount ofDAMAGE an earthquakecauses
Measured by the MERCALLISCALEMeasured by the MERCALLISCALE
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Lecture 6.2 page 104 – 105discuss the method most commonly used to measurethe magnitude of earthquakes.Lecture 6.2 page 104 – 105discuss the method most commonly used to measurethe magnitude of earthquakes.
What is the difference between intensity andmagnitude? What scales are used to measure each?What is the difference between intensity andmagnitude? What scales are used to measure each?
►End of Chapter Questions►End of Chapter Questions
p. 112-113 #8-11 p. 112-113 #8-11
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Lecture 6.2 endLecture 6.2 end
The seismogram in Pusan, Korea indicated that the epicenter was 549 km away (red circle). The green circle represents thedistance of the epicenter (435 km) from Tokyo. The blue circle represents the distance of the epicenter (697 km) from Akita,Japan. The epicenter is determined by the intersection of all three circles in Kobe. This triangulation technique requires datafrom at least three seismic stations in order to determine the epicenter.
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Terms Chapter 6 Section 3Terms Chapter 6 Section 3
►Tsunami►Tsunami
►Seismic waves►Seismic waves
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Notes section 6.3 – page 106Describe possible effects of a major earthquake onbuildingsNotes section 6.3 – page 106Describe possible effects of a major earthquake onbuildings
►Earthquake Damage►Earthquake Damage
►Most injuries, result ofcollapsing buildings or fallingobjects.
►Types of damage –landslides, fires, broken gasand electric lines, flooding,and damage to dams
►The longer an earthquakelast the more damage itcauses
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Notes section 6.3 – page 106Describe possible effects of a major earthquake onbuildingsNotes section 6.3 – page 106Describe possible effects of a major earthquake onbuildings
►Destruction tobuildings and property►Destruction tobuildings and property
►Buildings are notdesigned to sway, wallscan collapse, may tipover
►Type of ground, solidground offers moresupport to buildings,loose soil can causemore swaying inbuildings
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Notes section 6.3 – Page 106Discuss the relationship of Tsunamis and EarthquakesNotes section 6.3 – Page 106Discuss the relationship of Tsunamis and Earthquakes
►Tsunamis►Tsunamis
►Caused by underwaterearthquakes, that eithercause a landslide orfaulting underwater.
►Faulting can changeseafloor elevation,forcing the water tomove up and down.
►Underwater landslidecan cause this same upand down motion.
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Notes section 6.3 – Page 106Discuss the relationship of Tsunamis and EarthquakesNotes section 6.3 – Page 106Discuss the relationship of Tsunamis and Earthquakes
►Tsunamis►Tsunamis
►There is an early warningsystem to alert areas oftsunamis.
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Notes section 6.3 – pages 107-109List safety rules to follow when an earthquake strikesNotes section 6.3 – pages 107-109List safety rules to follow when an earthquake strikes
►Earthquake Safety►Earthquake Safety
►Before an earthquake
Be prepared – havecanned food, bottledwater, flashlights,batteries and a portableradio.
Plan what to do when aearthquake happens
Learn how to turn off gas,water and electricity tothe house.
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Notes section 6.3 – pages 107-109List safety rules to follow when an earthquake strikesNotes section 6.3 – pages 107-109List safety rules to follow when an earthquake strikes
►Earthquake Safety►Earthquake Safety
►During an earthquake
Stay calm and get to asafe position
Indoors – protectyourself from fallingobjects.
Outside – stay awayfrom tall buildings,power lines, bridges, ortunnels
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Notes section 6.3 – pages 107-109List safety rules to follow when an earthquake strikesNotes section 6.3 – pages 107-109List safety rules to follow when an earthquake strikes
►Earthquake Safety►Earthquake Safety
►After the earthquake
Check for hazards,always wear shoes,and avoid power lines
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Notes section 6.3 – pages 110 – 111Identify changes in the earth’s crust that may signalearthquakesNotes section 6.3 – pages 110 – 111Identify changes in the earth’s crust that may signalearthquakes
►Earthquake warnings & predictions►Earthquake warnings & predictions
►Animals behavior & past earthquakes usedto predict future earthquakes, may be yearsoff
►Fault stress measured to determine seismicgaps, to determine where a quake mayhappen.
►Instruments used to detect crust tilting, rockstress, water flow changes, electro magneticchanges to predict earthquakes.
►Decreases in P-wave speed may tell when aquake is coming.
►Most methods are not very reliable inpredicting an earthquake