Listeners andSpeakers
zListening: A Complex Human Behavior
zActive Listening: Overcoming Obstacles
zActive Listening and Critical Thinking
Listening: a Complex Behavior
zListeners andSpeakers: a DynamicRelationship
zListening is Selective*
Listening: a Complex Behavior
zHearing is a physiological process.
zListening is the process of recognizing,understanding, and accurately interpretingcommunicated messages.
ycomprehensive
ycritical
yempathic
yappreciative
Listening: a Complex Human Behavior:Listeners and Speakers
zlisteners and speakers are interdependent
ycircular response is constant feedback that existsbetween listeners and speakers.
Listening: a Complex Human Behavior:Listening is Selective
zSelective Perception is the process bywhich people pay attention to certainmessages and ignore others.
ypeople pay attention to information they holdto be important and that touches theirexperiences and background.
ypeople sort and filter new information on thebasis of what they already know.
Listening: a Complex Human Behavior:Listening is Selective
zMessage Perception Gap is themisunderstandings that arise between speakerand listener.
Active Listening: OvercomingObstacles
zBarriers to ActiveListening
zBecoming an ActiveListener
Active Listening: OvercomingObstacles
zActive listening isfocused, purposefullistening.
Active Listening: Overcoming Obstacles:Barriers to Active Listening
zInattentivenessand distractions
yexternaldistractions(environment)
yinternaldistractions(thoughts/feelings)
zScript writing anddefensive listening
ydefensive listeningoccurs when wesense that ourattitudes oropinions are beingchallenged.
Active Listening: Overcoming Obstacles:Barriers to Active Listening
zLaziness andOverconfidence
yexpect too littlefrom speakers
yignore importantinformation
ydisplay anarrogant attitude
zCultural Barriers
ydifferences indialects or accents,nonverbal cues,word choice, andphysicalappearance
Active Listening: Overcoming Obstacles:Becoming an Active Listener
zset listening goals
zfocus efforts
zlisten for main ideas
zwatch for nonverbalcues
zevaluate thespeaker’s audience
Active Listening
zCritical Thinking
zCritical Listening: The Thought/SpeechDifferential
Active Listening:Critical Thinking
zThe ability toevaluate claims onthe basis of wellsupported reasons:
yevaluate theevidence
yanalyzeassumptions andbiases
yresist false dilemmas,overgeneralizationsand either/or thinking
yidentifycontradictions
yconsider multipleperspectives
ysummarize and judge
Active Listening:Critical Listening: The Thought/SpeechDifferential
zwe listen at afaster rate than wespeak:
zwe speak at a rate of100 to 180 words perminute
zwe listen at a rate of500 to 600 words perminute