1
Lesson Objectives
Difference between hearing and listening
The process of listening
Obstacles to effective listening
Guidelines for effective listening
2
Listening and Responding
People tend to more focus on talking
Studies show: Average person spends 45%-53% of waking time on listening to others
Total listening may even greater (radio…)
3
Hearing & Listening
Hearing is aphysiological activity
Sound wave & ear drum
Other messages receivedat the same time (sight)
Listening
4
The Listening Process
Being mindful
Focus on what is happening in the moment
An ethical commitment; Leaders must want to listen!
Enhance communication
Increasing understanding of what others feel & think
Promoting more complete communication by others
Physically receiving communication
Women are more attuned to what is going on around
Men tend to direct hearing in a specific way
Women likely to notice contexts, details, themes ininteraction
Average: 300 words/min understood; 100 spoken
5
The Listening Process (2)
Selecting and organizing communication
Study: Teachers unintentionally give more attention tomale than female students…
As we listen: categorize people→assess them →applystereotype→choose a script
Perceptions can be wrong, be ready to revise them!
Interpreting communication
Recognizing others’ viewpoint doesn’ t mean you agreewith them; it does mean you make an earnest effort tograsp what they think and feel.
6
The Listening Process (3)
Responding
Signs of being involved in interaction
Remembering
Recall of literal messages vs. Recall ofinterpretation of them
Memory fading
Remember less than Half / immediately after
Recall 35% / after 8 hours
7
Obstacles to Effective Listening
Situational obstacles
Message overland
Message complexity
Environmental distractions
Internal Obstacles
Preoccupation
Prejudgment
Lack of effort
Not recognizing diverse listening styles
8
Forms of Ineffective Listening
Pseudolistening
Monopolizing
Conversational rerouting
Interrupting
Selective listening
Defensive listening
Ambushing
Politics: Gathering ammunition to use in attacking aspeaker
Literal listening
Content level vs. Relationship level of meaning
9
Guidelines for Effective Listening
Informational & critical listening
Be mindful
Control obstacles
Ask questions
Use aids to recall
Repeating
Mnemonics
Organize information
10
Guidelines for Effective Listening
Relationship listening
Be mindful
Total listening: more than words, also silence & meaningburied
Suspend judgment
Strive to understand the other’s perspective
Minimum encouragers
Paraphrasing
Asking questions
Express support
See Father-Son conversation on page 141