Communication
Communication
Receiving Messages Effectively
Session Outline
The Communication Process
Sending Messages Effectively
Confrontation
Breakdowns in Communication
Constructive Criticism
Good communication skills areamong the most importantingredients contributing to theperformance enhancement andpersonal growth of sport andexercise participants.
TheCommunicationProcess
Persuasion
Information
Evaluation
Motivation
Problem solving
Purposes ofCommunication
Types ofCommunication
Interpersonal communication(at least two persons in ameaningful exchange)
Nonverbal communication
Intrapersonal communication(self-talk—the communicationwe have with ourselves)
The CommunicationProcess
Sending MessagesEffectively
Nonverbal message characteristics
2.
Physical appearance
Posture
Body position
Gestures
Touching
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Sending MessagesEffectively
Nonverbal message characteristics
2.
Facial expression
Voice characteristics
Sending MessagesEffectively
The importance of nonverbalmessages:
Nonverbal messages are harder tohide and consciously control, so theyare more accurate indicators of howa person feels.
Sending MessagesEffectively
Be direct.
1.
Own your message.
2.
Be complete and specific.
3.
Be clear and consistent.
4.
State your needs and feelings clearly.
5.
Separate fact from opinion.
6.
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Sending MessagesEffectively
Deliver messages immediately.
8.
Avoid hidden agendas.
9.
Be supportive.
10.
Be consistent with yournonverbal messages.
11.
Reinforce with repetition.
12.
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Focus on one thing at a time.
7.
Sending MessagesEffectively
Make messages appropriate tothe receiver’s frame of reference.
13.
Look for feedback that yourmessage was accuratelyinterpreted.
14.
Receiving MessagesEffectively
Active Listening
Asking questions; paraphrasing;attending to main and supportingideas: acknowledging andresponding, giving appropriatefeedback, and paying attention tothe speaker’s total communication(verbal and nonverbal).
Receiving MessagesEffectively
Paraphrase what thespeaker said.
Keys to
activelistening
Don’t mistake hearing forlistening.
Mentally prepare to listen.
Receiving MessagesEffectively
SupportiveListening
Communicating that you are“with” the speaker and value hisor her messages.
Receiving MessagesEffectively
Use supportive behaviors.
Keys to
supportivelistening
Use conforming behaviors.
Use verbal and nonverballistening behaviors.
Receiving MessagesEffectively
AwareListening
Realize that people react individuallyor differently to the way youcommunicate.
Receiving MessagesEffectively
Be flexible.
Keys to
awarelistening
Be alert for barriers andbreakdowns in communication.
Breakdowns inCommunication
Poorly transmitted messages(ambiguity; inconsistency)
Senderfailures
Failure to listen carefully(misinterpretation)
Receiverfailures
Barriers to EffectiveCommunication
Receiver not paying attention tothe sender
Lack of trust between the individualsattempting to communicate
Socialization and hereditary differences,causing misinterpretations between thesender and receiver
Differences in the mental set orperception between people
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Embarrassment interferes
Tendency to tell people what they wantto hear
Difficulties in expression or reluctance tocommunicate
Barriers to EffectiveCommunication
Confrontation
A face-to-face discussion amongpeople in conflict. Whileconfrontation is often seenas negative, when properly used,it is a part of effectivecommunication.
When to use (or avoid)confrontation
Don’t confront someone whenyou are angry.
Do confront someone when you are incontrol, can express your feelingsconstructively, and have awell-thought-out reason for doing so.
How to Confront
Express feelings constructively.
Think before you speak.
Understand the situation and person.
Be empathetic.
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How to Confront
Be tentative, but not wishy-washy.
Proceed gradually.
Dos and Don’tsof Confronting
DO convey that you value yourrelationship with the person.
DO go slowly and think about whatyou want to communicate.
DO try to understand the otherperson’s position.
DO listen carefully to what the otherperson is trying to communicate.
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Dos and Don’tsof Confronting
DON’T communicate the solution.Rather, focus on the problem.
DON’T stop communicating.
DON’T use “put-downs”.
DON’T rely on nonverbal hints tocommunicate your thoughts.
The Sandwich Approachto Constructive Criticism
A positive statement
Future-oriented instruction
A compliment
Example of theSandwich Approach
“Sally, you are really workinghard out there.”
Positive statement:
“Next time try to slow down andnot get ahead of the music.”
Future-oriented statement:
“You’re getting there;keep up the good work!”
Compliment: