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Listening Listening
Listening Listening
7: Inter-Act, 13th Edition 7: Inter-Act, 13th Edition
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Listening
Listening makes up 42-60%of our communication.Listening makes up 42-60%of our communication.
Writing
Speaking
Reading
Listening StylesListening Styles
•Content-oriented: prefer to focus on factsand evidence
•People-oriented: prefer to focus onconversational partners and their feelings
•Action-oriented: prefer to focus on pointspeaker is trying to make
•Time-oriented: prefer brief and swiftconversations
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Listening ApprehensionListening Apprehension
•Fear ofmisinterpretation
•Fear of thepsychologicalaffect of themessage
Dual Processes inListeningDual Processes inListening
•Passive listening: effortless, thoughtless,and habitual process
•Active listening: skillful, intentional,deliberate, and conscious process
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ListeningListening
•Attending
•Understanding
•Remembering
•Critically Evaluating
•Responding
The process of receiving, constructingmeaning from, and responding tospoken and/or nonverbal messages
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AttendingAttending
The process of willfully striving to perceiveselected sounds that are being heard
Get physically and mentally ready tolisten.
Make the shift from speaker to listener acomplete one.
Resist tuning out.
Avoid interrupting.
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UnderstandingUnderstanding
Process of accurately decoding amessage so that you share its meaningwith the speaker
Identify the speaker’s purpose andkey points.
Observe nonverbal cues.
Ask clarifying questions.
Paraphrase what you heard.
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Paraphrase the following statements toreflect both the thoughts and feelings ofthe person speaking:Paraphrase the following statements toreflect both the thoughts and feelings ofthe person speaking:
1.“I really like communication, but what couldI do with a major in this field?”
2.“I don’t know if Pat and I are getting tooserious too fast.”
3.“You can borrow my car, if you really needto, but please be careful with it. I can’tafford any repairs and if you have anaccident, I won’t be able to drive to D.C. thisweekend.”
RememberingRemembering
Reasons we fail toremember
•We filter out messages
•We listen anxiously orpassively
•We remember “easy” or“desirable” messages
•We forget the middle
Primacy effect
Recency effect
Using repetition toremember
•Repeat two, three, fourtimes
•Create mnemonics
•Take notes
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Process of moving information from short-termmemory to long-term memory
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MnemonicsMnemonics
Any artificial technique used as amemory aid
For example: take the first letter of alist you are trying to remember andcreate a word
HOMES (the five Great Lakes)
Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior
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Note TakingNote Taking
Take notes when you
are listening to
complex
information.
Brief outline:
Overall idea
Main points
Key developmentalmaterial
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Critically EvaluatingInformationCritically EvaluatingInformation
•Separate facts from inferences
Fact – a verifiable statement
Inference – a conclusion drawn fromfacts
•Probe for information
RespondingResponding
Process of providing feedback to your partner’smessage
Back-channel cues: verbal and nonverbalsignals demonstrating listener response to thespeaker
Reply when message is complete
Respond to the previous messagebefore changing the subject
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Digital Communication LiteracyDigital Communication Literacy
•Extra effort is required to understand digitalmessages.
•Critically evaluate social media messagesto separate facts from inferences.
•Recognize underlying motives, values,ideologies.
•Digital messages should not completelyreplace face-to-face communication.
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