INTORDUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEECH

INTRODUCTION TOPUBLIC SPEECHINTRODUCTION TOPUBLIC SPEECH

GETTING STARTED

A journey of a thousand miles begins witha single step.A journey of a thousand miles begins witha single step.

- Chinese Proverb- Chinese Proverb

Why Study PublicSpeaking?Why Study PublicSpeaking?

EmpowermentEmpowerment

EmploymentEmployment

“ I will pay more for a person’s ability tospeak and express himself than for anyother quality he might possess.”“ I will pay more for a person’s ability tospeak and express himself than for anyother quality he might possess.”

Charles M. SchwabCharles M. Schwab

Speaking & ConversationSpeaking & Conversation

Public Speaking is plannedPublic Speaking is planned

Public Speaking is formalPublic Speaking is formal

The roles of public speakers & theaudiences are clearly definedThe roles of public speakers & theaudiences are clearly defined

The CommunicationProcessThe CommunicationProcess

CHANNEL

NOISE

SOURCE/SPEAKER

MESSAGE

RECEIVER

FEEDBACK

The Speaker- the originator of thecommunication messageThe Speaker- the originator of thecommunication message

Message- ideas and feelings presented toan audience through words, sound, andaction symbols that are selected andorganized by the speaker and interpretedby members of the audience.Message- ideas and feelings presented toan audience through words, sound, andaction symbols that are selected andorganized by the speaker and interpretedby members of the audience.

The Speech- contains the messageThe Speech- contains the message

Encoding- the process of transformingideas and feelings into words, sounds, andactionsEncoding- the process of transformingideas and feelings into words, sounds, andactions

Decoding- the process of transformingmessages back into ideas and feelingsDecoding- the process of transformingmessages back into ideas and feelings

The Channel- both the route traveled bythe message and the means oftransportation (Visual & Auditory)The Channel- both the route traveled bythe message and the means oftransportation (Visual & Auditory)

The Audience- your entire reason forspeakingThe Audience- your entire reason forspeaking

The Context- the interrelated conditions ofcommunicationThe Context- the interrelated conditions ofcommunication

Physical Setting- the location, time of day,light, temperature, distance betweencommunicators, and seating arrangement.Physical Setting- the location, time of day,light, temperature, distance betweencommunicators, and seating arrangement.

Historical setting-previous communicationepisodesHistorical setting-previous communicationepisodes

Psychological Setting- the manner inwhich people perceive both themselvesand those with whom they communicatePsychological Setting- the manner inwhich people perceive both themselvesand those with whom they communicate

Noise- any stimulus that gets in the way ofsharing meaningsNoise- any stimulus that gets in the way ofsharing meanings

External Noise- sights, sounds, and otherstimuli that interfere with intendedmeaningExternal Noise- sights, sounds, and otherstimuli that interfere with intendedmeaning

Internal Noise- thoughts and feelings thatinterfere with meaningInternal Noise- thoughts and feelings thatinterfere with meaning

Semantic noise- alternate meaningsaroused by speakerSemantic noise- alternate meaningsaroused by speaker

Feedback- verbal/non-verbal responses tomessageFeedback- verbal/non-verbal responses tomessage

VocabularyVocabulary

Elocution- the expression of emotionthrough posture, movement, gestures,facial expression, and voice.Elocution- the expression of emotionthrough posture, movement, gestures,facial expression, and voice.

Declamation- The delivery of alreadyfamous address.Declamation- The delivery of alreadyfamous address.

Rhetoric- the use of words and symbolsto achieve a goalRhetoric- the use of words and symbolsto achieve a goal

SpeakingEthicallySpeakingEthically

ETHICSETHICS

Beliefs, values, and moral principles bywhich people determine what is right orwrongBeliefs, values, and moral principles bywhich people determine what is right orwrong

Free speech?Free speech?

(Must be balanced by responsibility tospeak ethically)(Must be balanced by responsibility tospeak ethically)

SPEAKING ETHICALLYSPEAKING ETHICALLY

HAVE A CLEAR, RESPONSIBLE GOALHAVE A CLEAR, RESPONSIBLE GOAL

USE SOUND EVIDENCE &REASONINGUSE SOUND EVIDENCE &REASONING

BE SENSITIVE & TOLERANT OFDIFFERENCESBE SENSITIVE & TOLERANT OFDIFFERENCES

BE HONESTBE HONEST

AVOID PLAGIARISM &PLAGIAPHRASINGAVOID PLAGIARISM &PLAGIAPHRASING

DO YOUR OWN WORKDO YOUR OWN WORK

ACKNOWLEDGE YOUR SOURCESACKNOWLEDGE YOUR SOURCES

VOCABULARYVOCABULARY

Ethnocentrism: self culture is superior toothersEthnocentrism: self culture is superior toothers

Cultural Intelligence: Skilled & flexibleCultural Intelligence: Skilled & flexible

ListeningListening

Seven laws to betterlisteningSeven laws to betterlistening

Spend more time listeningSpend more time listening

Find interest in the other personFind interest in the other person

Stay out of the wayStay out of the way

Listen to what people mean between thelinesListen to what people mean between thelines

Make notesMake notes

Assume the proper stanceAssume the proper stance

Be aware of your filtersBe aware of your filters

We spend more time listening thanreading, writing, and speaking.We spend more time listening thanreading, writing, and speaking.

Hearing is a physiological process thatoccurs when you’re in the vicinity ofvibration. It is basically a passive processoccurs without any attention or effort onyour part.Hearing is a physiological process thatoccurs when you’re in the vicinity ofvibration. It is basically a passive processoccurs without any attention or effort onyour part.

Listening involves 5 steps:Listening involves 5 steps:

Receiving – hearing and attendingReceiving – hearing and attending

Understanding – learning and decipheringmeaningUnderstanding – learning and decipheringmeaning

Remembering- recalling and retainingRemembering- recalling and retaining

Evaluating- judging and criticizingEvaluating- judging and criticizing

Responding- answering and givingfeedbackResponding- answering and givingfeedback

I. The Listening ProcessI. The Listening Process

Receiving

(stimuli)

Under-

standing

(assignmeaning)

Remembering

(reconstructive)

Evaluating

(pos. or neg.)

Responding

(back-channelingcues orfeedback)

II.Listening, Culture,GenderII.Listening, Culture,Gender

A.Culture Effects:A.Culture Effects:

1.Speech1.Speech

2.Nonverbal Behaviors2.Nonverbal Behaviors

3.Direct and Indirect Styles3.Direct and Indirect Styles

4.Credibility4.Credibility

5.Feedback5.Feedback

B.Gender & ListeningB.Gender & Listening

III.Styles of EffectiveListeningIII.Styles of EffectiveListening

A.Participatory andPassiveA.Participatory andPassive

Passive listening – listening that isattentive and supportive but occurswithout talking and without directingthe speaker in any nonverbal way.Also used negatively to refer toinattentive an uninvolved listening.Passive listening – listening that isattentive and supportive but occurswithout talking and without directingthe speaker in any nonverbal way.Also used negatively to refer toinattentive an uninvolved listening.

B.Empathic andObjectiveB.Empathic andObjective

Empathic listening – listening thatwarrants that you feel and see whatspeaker feels and sees.Empathic listening – listening thatwarrants that you feel and see whatspeaker feels and sees.

Objective Listening- the ability to gatherinformation beyond what you see andhear.Objective Listening- the ability to gatherinformation beyond what you see andhear.

Non-judgmental listening-and listeningwith an open mind.Non-judgmental listening-and listeningwith an open mind.

Critical listeninglistening to evaluatethe quality, value, appropriateness andimportance of what you hear.Critical listeninglistening to evaluatethe quality, value, appropriateness andimportance of what you hear.