Chapter 10
Section 1: Political Change
John Quincy Adams Takes Office
•Adams got off to a bad start in his presidency
•People believed that he had made a deal with Clayto gain his presidency
•Although Adams was experienced, he didn’t getalong with people and was found to be unfriendly
•He was not a popular president
Sectional Ideas Develop
•Strong feelings of sectionalism developedbetween the North, South, and West
•Adams wanted to lead the people as a wholenation, however many Americans didn’t feel thisway
The Tariff of 1828
•Tax put on imported good from foreign countries
•This was intended to raise the prices of their products
•In turn American’s would be more likely to buy Americanmade goods
•South and West didn’t like this because they were farmersand it just raised the price of things they needed
•Northerners were very pleased with this, it helped themto manufacture and sell their goods
•Three things happened because of this bill:
1.Adams became even more unpopular
2.This helped Andrew Jackson in the election of 1828
3.John C. Calhoun became leader of the south
A New Party is Formed
•Several things happened in the election of 1828:
–Andrew Jackson was better prepared
–Jackson became known as the idol of the nation
–Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren separatedfrom the Democratic-Republican party and formedthe Democratic Party
–Adams’ party then became known as the NationalRepublicans
Chapter 10
Section 2: New Management
The Election of 1828
•Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun ran against JohnQuincy Adams and Richard Rush
•Jackson won all states west of the Allegheny Mountainsand southern states from Virginia to Georgia
•Jackson won by majority vote with 56% of the votes
The Spoils System
•When Jackson took office he fired all those therewere not of his political party
•This became known as the spoils system
•The name comes from the saying “to the victorsbelong the spoils”
Jackson’s Cabinet
•Jackson earned the nickname “OldHickory”
•Instead of taking advice from hiscabinet he turned to his old Westernfriends
•These informal meetings becameknown as “Jacksons Kitchen Cabinet”because when they came theyentered through the kitchen to avoidattention
•Jackson made it clear that he was theleader of the government, and due tohis popularity he was trusted
Chapter 10
Section 3: $$$ Problems
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The Tariff Problem
•The tariff placed on imported goods was still anissue for the South and West
•Calhoun was a southerner and understood theissues however didn’t want to go against thepresident
•So he proposed a plan that would allow states tonullify (turn down) a low it considered to beunfair
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Jackson Speaks Out
•Jackson, a strong supporter of state rights,attended a formal dinner
•Here he made a statement directed to Calhoun“Our Federal Union, it must stay preserved”
•This made Jacksons side clear, that all statesshould obey federal law it we are to remain aunion
Chapter 10
Section 4: Elections and Banks
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The Bank
•Bank of the United States had acharter that was about to expire
•They wanted to renew it, andcongress passed a bill to do this
•Jackson didn’t like banks andfelt they favored the rich only
•He felt that banks should bedestroyed; so he vetoed the bill
![C:\Documents and Settings\rkeim\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\YN9LG4Z8\MCj04403800000[1].png](data/images/img15.png)
Jackson Wins in 1832
•Clay runs against Jackson in the election of 1832
•Clay pleased that Jackson vetoed banking bill, he figured it wouldwork in his favor
•Jackson continued to speak out against the banking system
•Jackson crushed Clay with a vote of 219-49
•Clay didn’t realize the public was approved of the banking plans
•Jackson continued to work against the Bank of America by pullingall federal funds and putting the money into smaller banks
•He successfully destroyed the bank in 1836, they had to close
•Jackson was a popular president with different ideas
•He felt that all citizens should have the right to vote and slaveryshould be completely abolished
•He also wanted to improve upon schools, working conditions, andthe treatment of prisoners
•He showed that he wanted to develop the country with freedomand justice for all!!
Presidential Veto Power
•Veto is a power given to the president
•This is a way the president has a say in the laws
•It doesn’t provide complete power to thepresident, as congress can overthrow his vetowith enough votes
•Andrew Jackson using his veto power paved theway for other presidents to use it
Chapter 10
Section 5: New Issues
Election of 1836
•Jackson’s second term was ending and he persuaded hisparty to nominate Van Buren
•During Jackson’s terms a new political party wasforming, called the Whigs
•This was a formation of different political groups thatwere all against Jackson
•Whigs had 3 candidates: Daniel Webster, Hugh White,and William Henry Harrison
•They were hoping to have the election divided and thevote would have to go to the House of Representatives
•The Whigs wanted to restore the national bank, keeptariffs high, and maintain a strong central government
•Van Buren wanted to run the government like Jackson
•Van Buren won with 170 votes, versus the 113 for allthe other three candidates
The Panic of 1837
•When Van Buren took office there were problemswaiting for him
•The country was headed into a depression, that becameknown as the Panic of 1837
•Issues that arose:
–High unemployment
–People withdrawing all theirmoney from banks
–Banks closing
•Van Buren was unable to solvethe problems when he took office
